A comparative study of 10% lidocaine spray versus eutectic mixture of 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine (EMLA) to attenuate pain of peripheral venous cannulation in children: A prospective randomized control trial at a tertiary care centre.

Abstract

Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) cream is the commonly used topical anesthetic for painful intradermal procedures. Topical 10% lidocaine spray has successfully been used to anesthetize mucosal surfaces. Owing to its skin penetrative properties, this study was conducted to compare dermal analgesia between 10% lidocaine spray and EMLA cream for intravenous (IV) cannulation in children. In this prospective single-blind randomized study, ninety-nine Paediatric patients were assigned into Group A (number(n) =51) with Lignocaine 10% spray applied 10 minutes and Group B (n = 48) EMLA cream applied 1 hour prior to cannulation. Vital signs were recorded before, during, and after the procedure. The primary objective of the study was assessment of severity of pain during IV cannulation using 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary objectives such as ease of cannulation and adverse effects were also noted. All cannulations were performed in the first attempt with no adverse effects in both lidocaine group and EMLA group. The median (interquartile range) VAS score was 2 cm (1 to 3) in both the groups with a P value of 0.58. Topical 10% lidocaine spray applied ten minutes before venous cannulation is as effective as EMLA cream applied an hour before cannulation in children in providing dermal analgesia for intravenous cannulation with an added advantage of rapid onset of action in the former group.