A comparative study by electron microscopy of the structures of effective and ineffective nodules ofTrifolium subterraneum induced byRhizobium trifolii andRhizobium leguminosarum

Abstract

Bacteroid formation and haemoglobin pigment were observed 3 days after the appearance of nodules formed by the effectiveRhizobium trifolii strain TA1 onTrifolium subterraneum. Effective nodules were large and cylindrical and evidence of bacteroid degeneration did not appear until about 21 days. Electron microscopy of ineffective nodules formed byRhizobium trifolii strain 6 showed limited meristematic activity and vascular development, and infection threads were sparse. Degeneration of plant cells and bacteria was visible by 3 days and mostly complete by 14 days. Both types of nodules occurred randomly over the root system. In contrast, the ineffective nodules formed byRhizobium leguminosarum strains onTrifolium subterraneum, occurred mainly at lateral root junctions with vascular connections to either the primary or lateral root depending on strain. Infection thread development was widespread and most cells were invaded. The released bacteria became pleomorphic and rounded, the nodules became cylindrical, enlarged slightly but remained white. Degeneration was apparent at 5 days and complete by 14 days in nodules formed by strain 1020A, but nodules formed by strain 1013 degenerated more slowly and degenerate cells sometimes showed secondary invasion by vegetative rhizobia.