Abstract
Despite medical advances, mortality due to acute coronary syndrome remains high. For this reason, it is important to identify the most critical factors for predicting the risk of death in patients hospitalized with this disease. To improve medical decisions, it is also helpful to construct models that enable us to represent how the main driving factors relate to patient outcomes. In this study, we compare the capability of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models to distinguish between patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome who have low or high risk of death. Input variables are selected using the wrapper approach associated with a mutual information filter and two new proposed filters based on Euclidean distance. Because of missing data, the use of a filter is an important step in increasing the size of the usable data set and maximizing the performance of the classification models. The computational results indicate that the SVM model performs better. The most relevant input variables are age, any previous revascularization, and creatinine, regardless of the classification algorithms and filters used. However, the Euclidean filters also identify a second important group of input variables: age, creatinine and systemic arterial hypertension.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases, including cerebrovascular and ischemic heart diseases, are major causes of death worldwide and the main cause of death in Brazil
Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACSs) are prominent in maintaining a high mortality rate despite recent therapeutic advances. These syndromes are characterized by total or partial occlusion of the coronary artery. This leads to ischemia and/or necrosis of the myocardial area irrigated by the coronary artery, following the rupture of an unstable coronary plaque
No preprocessing for input variable selection was performed in this study, and the results indicated that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model was superior
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases, including cerebrovascular and ischemic heart diseases, are major causes of death worldwide and the main cause of death in Brazil. Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACSs) are prominent in maintaining a high mortality rate despite recent therapeutic advances. These syndromes are characterized by total or partial occlusion of the coronary artery. To obtain a reliable and effective clinical prognosis of patients with an ACS it is vital to identify the most important variables. This is a critical step in developing medical decision-supporting tools associated with clinical and laboratory procedures in order to reduce the mortality rate and financial costs
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