Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of the majority of the population, particularly in Asia and Africa. Enriching rice with nutritional and therapeutic contents can improve its benefits for patients with lifestyle disorders. This study aimed to profile the phytochemical contents of the therapeutically known traditional rice Mappillai Samba against white rice CBMAS 14065 using non-targeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). An analysis of the data using a mass spectrometry–data independent analysis (MS-DIAL) and MetaboAnalyst identified 113 metabolites belonging to 21 different classes of metabolites. A partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed 43 variable importance in projection (VIP) metabolites. This study identified therapeutically important metabolites, including phenylpropanoids, phytosterols, flavonoids, and polyamines, in the grains of Mappillai Samba. Three significant metabolic pathways, viz., phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, and steroid biosynthesis, were responsible for the grain metabolome variation between CBMAS 14065 and Mappillai Samba. Overall, the results of this study unravelled the biochemical complexity of Mappillai Samba, paving the way for the genetic mapping of the therapeutic compound accumulation in rice and the development of similar therapeutic rice varieties through molecular breeding.
Highlights
Rice is one of the most important staple foods of nearly more than half of the global population, and the majority of Asians consume rice thrice a day
Increased rice consumption is related to the prevalence of diabetes, which in turn leads to a susceptibility to neurological complications, cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, foot ulcers, and renal diseases [3]
The present study aimed to generate the metabolic signatures of the traditional rice Mappillai Samba, which is known for its therapeutic value and health benefits
Summary
Rice is one of the most important staple foods of nearly more than half of the global population, and the majority of Asians consume rice thrice a day. After the first green revolution, rice improvement programs were mainly aimed at increasing yields, with minimal attention paid toward improving the nutritional quality. The global population is predicted to reach 9.7 billion by 2050 [4], and achieving food and nutritional security for the growing population is becoming a challenge. Considering its widespread consumption, the development and dissemination of rice with nutritional and therapeutic values may have a significant impact on the general health and nutritional status of rural women and children where rice is the major source of daily calorie needs
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