A Comparative Investigation of Aerosol Generation and Exposure Risk During Access Cavity Preparation With or Without Rubber Dam Application.

Abstract

Aerosols generated during dental procedures have taken the forefront of discussion in dentistry. Due to the nature of their work, dental professionals face a significant risk of exposure to various biological hazards, such as saliva, blood, aerosols, and droplets. Aerosols, which are tiny particles with a diameter of less than 50µm, have a unique property that allows them to stay suspended in the air for extended periods. This is primarily due to their small size and lightweight naturewhich makes them highly susceptible to air currents and prevents them from quickly settling down. As a result, these aerosols can linger in the atmosphere, creating a potential risk for respiratory infections. The aim is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of rubber dams in preventing aerosols generated cross-contamination. This in-vivo experimental study comprised 60 individuals who were suggested for root canal treatment in the mandibular first permanent molar tooth. The passive air sampling technique using "settle plates" was applied to investigate microbial fallout during access opening with and without rubber dam application. Sheep blood agar plates were used to do the colony forming unit (CFU) count. All patients were randomly divided into two groups comprising30 patients each based on usage of rubber dam application or not, i.e., Group I: Without rubber dam application and Group II: With rubber dam application. Using a rubber dam while performing an endodontic procedure significantly impacts decreased aerosol generation at 0.5-mand 2-mdistances than its counterpart with a p-value < 0.01. Using a rubber dam during endodontic procedures reduces the likelihood of aerosol generation, thereby decreasing the risk of cross-contamination and lowering the susceptibility of dental professionals to respiratory illnesses.