Abstract
Abstract The structure of objective functions in the reservoir optimization problem indicates the type of attitude to operation. This paper presents an analytical framework to improve the structure of the objective function by comparing six various forms of single-objective and bi-objective problems. Problems 1 and 2 were defined to compare two perspectives of operation, water supply versus energy generation. Problem 3 was also designed to examine the effect of the intra-annual electricity demand, which was ignored in problem 2. Comparison of problems 4 and 5 shows the simultaneous effect of realistic water and electricity demand scenarios on finding an optimal Pareto front. Problem 6 considers a supply policy in which maximum hydropower generation in peak months is the main strategy to reduce socioeconomic tensions. These problems were analyzed for a period of 72 months in the operation of the Dez reservoir in the southwest of Iran. The results of comparisons showed that the average annual water supply in problem 1 is 334 Mm3 higher than in problem 2, while the mean annual hydropower generation in problem 2 compared with problem 1 increases by 58.9 GWh. Hydropower generation in problem 2 compared with problem 3 experiences a 31.8% decrease in the peak period and a 111% increase in the non-peak months, which can impose significant problems on the National Electricity Network. The Pareto front for problem 5 is better than for problem 4 at all points, meaning that the demand coefficient improves the Pareto front. The solutions of problem 6 can result in efficient meeting of water and electricity demand in critical periods and greatly improve practical planning.
Highlights
Over the past decades, significant population growth, rising water demand, limited resources, climate change, and socioeconomic developments have caused severe tensions over water resources, especially in developing countries (Chen et al 2016; Dahal et al 2016; Al-Jawad et al 2019)
Formulating the hydropower function based on the intra-annual variability in electricity demand improves the performance parameters of the reservoir, especially in the periods of PW and Peak demand for Power (PP)
The significant correlation between water and electricity demand over a year has led to the F3 and F1 functions behaving especially in critical periods
Summary
Significant population growth, rising water demand, limited resources, climate change, and socioeconomic developments have caused severe tensions over water resources, especially in developing countries (Chen et al 2016; Dahal et al 2016; Al-Jawad et al 2019). Water resource planning and management under climatic conditions and socioeconomic development are needed for accessing sustainable development of water resources and secure supply of water and energy (Haddad et al 2015). Water reservoir construction is one of the main approaches for supplying water and energy demand in arid and semi-arid areas (Chitsaz & Banihabib 2015). The operational objectives of a reservoir are defined as mathematical functions, for instance: reliable downstream water supply (Asgari et al 2016; de Santana Moreira & Celeste 2017; Celeste & El-Shafie 2018; Bilal et al 2020), maximum hydropower generation
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