Abstract
Bioengineered tissue scaffolds in combination with cells hold great promise for tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine how the chemistry and fiber orientation of engineered scaffolds affect the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation on aligned and randomly orientated electrospun scaffolds of Poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) and Polydioxanone (PDO) were compared. MSCs were seeded onto scaffolds and cultured for 14 days under adipogenic‐, chondrogenic‐, or osteogenic‐inducing conditions. Cell viability was assessed by alamarBlue metabolic activity assays and gene expression was determined by qRT‐PCR. Cell‐scaffold interactions were visualized using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Cells grew in response to scaffold fiber orientation and cell viability, cell coverage, and gene expression analysis showed that PDO supports greater multilineage differentiation of MSCs. An aligned PDO scaffold supports highest adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation whereas fiber orientation did not have a consistent effect on chondrogenesis. Electrospun scaffolds, selected on the basis of fiber chemistry and alignment parameters could provide great therapeutic potential for restoration of fat, cartilage, and bone tissue. This study supports the continued investigation of an electrospun PDO scaffold for tissue repair and regeneration and highlights the potential of optimizing fiber orientation for improved utility. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2843–2853, 2016.
Highlights
Tissue engineering aims to repair and regenerate tissues or organs, eliminating the need for transplantation and mechanical devices.[1]
Fluorescence microscopy and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic inducing medium showed good cell attachment, with cells growing in response to the fiber orientation of the scaffold (Figs. 2 and 3)
Many of the cells grown on a random fiber orientation were polygonal in shape and randomly distributed in accordance with the fiber orientation, in particular those grown in chondrogenic and adipogenic media
Summary
Tissue engineering aims to repair and regenerate tissues or organs, eliminating the need for transplantation and mechanical devices.[1] The development of bioengineered tissue scaffolds to be used in combination with cells and/or growth factors holds a great promise for tissue repair These biomimetic scaffolds with properties similar to that of the extracellular matrix (ECM) allow cells to grow and differentiate along a desired cell lineage. The ideal biomimetic scaffold is biodegradable, non-immunogenic, and has a porosity that allows the diffusion of nutrients and clearance of waste products.[2] the scaffold should support cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and ECM production It should have adequate mechanical properties matching the target tissue
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