Abstract
Nanotechnology is a well-established and revolutionized field with diverse therapeutic properties. Several methods have been employed using different reducing agents to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Chemical mediated synthetic methods are toxic and resulted in non-desired effects on biological systems. Herein, we, synthesized silver nanoparticles using callus extract of purple basil (BC-AgNPs) and anthocyanin extract deriving from the same plant (i.e., purple basil) (AE-AgNPs), and systematically investigated their antiproliferative potential against HepG2 Liver Carcinoma Cells. The phyto-fabricated AgNPs were characterized by different techniques like UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-rays (EDX). Morphologically, both types of NPs were found spherical. The average size of BC-AgNPs and AE-AgNPs as revealed through XRD and SEM analyses were calculated as 50.97 ± 0.10 nm and 42.73 ± 1.24 nm, respectively. FT-IR spectral analysis demonstrates the existence of possible phytochemicals required for the capping and reduction of Ag ions. Herein, following solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to HPLC analysis, we report for the first-time the anthocyanin mediated synthesis of AgNPs and conforming the successful capping of anthocyanin. Small sized AE-AgNPs showed significant cytotoxic effect against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line as compared to BC-AgNPs. Therefore, the results revealed that the prevalent group of flavonoids present in purple basil is the anthocyanins and AE-AgNPs could be employed as potential anticancer agents in future treatments strategies.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary area of research emerging from innovations in existing domains of science and technology and taking inspiration from the basic and applied sciences of the current era [1,2]
To confirm the biosynthesis of agents to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and to find the most suitable ratio for the biosynthesis of AgNPs using BC and anthocyanin extract (AE), the mixture of AgNO3 and the extracts mixed in different ratios were characterized with the aid of UV-Visible spectrophotometer
The suggesting that anthocyanin alone as capping agent have more potential of cellular toxicity against characterization with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive X-rays (EDX) confirmed nanoparticles formation, whereas solid phase extraction (SPE)/HPLC verified the successful capping by secondary metabolites
Summary
Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary area of research emerging from innovations in existing domains of science and technology and taking inspiration from the basic and applied sciences of the current era [1,2]. Its interdisciplinary nature enables it to take advantage of core techniques used in various disciplines like chemistry, engineering, physics, and biological sciences and develop novel. Synthesis protocols relied greatly upon the chemical methods to produce NPs [6]; issues like towering costs and toxic attributes of synthesized NPs demanded a more feasible alternative to these approaches [7]. Due to the aforementioned issues, the prime focus of researchers turned towards more efficient, eco-friendly and cheaper methodologies that could serve as a replacement for physical and chemical methods in use for NPs synthesis [8]. Phytochemicals that are readily available in plant extracts are utilized in the green approach as the natural stabilizing and reducing agents for the biosynthesis of NPs [12]
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