A Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase Level in Pre-Menopausal And Post-Menopausal Women With And Without Periodontitis. A Biochemical Study.

Abstract

Introduction- Alkaline phosphatase is an intracellular destruction enzyme in the periodontium, and it takes part in the normal turnover of the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and root cementum formation and maintenance.
 Aim- The aim of this case control study was to evaluate the enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) level in saliva of post menopausal women with and without chronic periodontitis.
 Materials and Methods- This study includes 48 samples of pre and post menopausal females. All the subjects were selected from the Department of Periodontology, Peoples College of Dental Science and Research Centre, Bhopal. The study participants were divided into 4 groups, Group A: 12 pre- menopausal women without periodontitis with systemically healthy, Group B : 12 post-menopausal women without periodontitis with systemically healthy, Group C: 12 pre- menopausal women with periodontitis and systemically healthy, Group D: 12 post- menopausal women with periodontitis and systemically healthy. Clinical parameters assessed were Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD). Unstimulated salivary samples were obtained in which the ALP concentration was measured using p-Nitrophenylphosphate, and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol reagents in Beckman and Coulter, AU 480 auto analyser. Mann-Whitney U test was used to find statistical difference with respect to all clinical parameters such as PI, GI, CAL, PPD and salivary ALP levels.
 Result – The result of the present study showed considerably higher salivary ALP levels in post menopausal women with chronic periodontitis compared to other groups.
 Conclusion -The present study suggest that the presence of ALP levels is not simply a reflection of the local inflammatory state in females but their estrogen levels may possibly influence bone destruction in periodontitis.