Abstract
Abstract Background Titanium alloy mini-implants have become popular in recent times and have been extensively used and studied. Although corrosion resistance of orthodontic materials has always been of concern, this property has been the least explored. The present study aimed to assess the composition, surface characterisation and corrosion resistance of five commercially available mini-implants by assaying ion release in artificial saliva. Methods Ten mini-implants each from five companies were obtained: Group 1 – AbsoAnchor (Dentos Inc, South Korea); Group 2 – Microimplant Anchorage System (MIA, Biomaterials Korea); Group 3 – The Orthodontic Mini Anchorage System (TOMAS, Dentaurum, Germany); Group 4 – mini-implants (Denticon, Maharashtra, India); Group 5 – orthodontic mini-implants (J.J.Orthodontics, Kerala, India). One mini-implant from each group was subjected to characterisation and surface microstructure analysis using Energy Dispersive Atomic Spectrometry (EDAX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. Ten miniimplants were immersed for 30 days in Fusayama-Meyer artificial saliva solution and the release of titanium, aluminium and vanadium ions was detected with Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for multi-variate analysis. In order to determine the significant differences between the groups on independent samples, the Mann-Whitney U test (bi-variate analysis) was applied. Results and conclusion All groups showed machining defects but surface pitting after immersion was mostly evident in Group 4. Although the composition of all the implants was comparable, there was a statistically significant difference in the Ti, Al and V release between Group 4 – the group with maximum release – and Group 2, the group with least release.
Highlights
Anchorage is defined as the resistance to unwanted tooth movement.[1]
Based on the metals used for their manufacture, mini-implants can be classified as commercially pure titanium or a Ti alloy.[9]
Commercially pure titanium was alloyed with aluminum and vanadium to offer greater strength and fatigue resistance.[10]
Summary
Anchorage is defined as the resistance to unwanted tooth movement.[1]. Anchorage control in all three planes of space often determines the success of orthodontic treatment and most clinicians recognise this challenge during treatment planning. Based on the metals used for their manufacture, mini-implants can be classified as commercially pure titanium (cpTi) or a Ti alloy (containing titanium, aluminium and vanadium).[9] the cpTi implants were widely used due to their excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, they lacked adequate fracture resistance since the thin structure of the mini-implant was unable to bear high orthodontic loads. The present study aimed to assess the composition, surface characterisation and corrosion resistance of five commercially available mini-implants by assaying ion release in artificial saliva. One mini-implant from each group was subjected to characterisation and surface microstructure analysis using Energy Dispersive Atomic Spectrometry (EDAX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. In order to determine the significant differences between the groups on independent samples, the Mann-Whitney U test (bi-variate analysis) was applied. The composition of all the implants was comparable, there was a statistically significant difference in the Ti, Al and V release between Group 4 – the group with maximum release – and Group 2, the group with least release. (Aust Orthod J 2016; 32: 165-174)
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