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Abstract
Ambient PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) exposure is one of the leading health risk factors in India. The role of chemical transport models (CTMs) in air quality management is well recognized today. However, effectiveness of CTM outputs critically depends on accuracy of emission inventory. Here we evaluate anthropogenic PM2.5 simulated by WRF-Chem using two major inventories - EDGAR and ECLIPSE with satellite and MERRA-2 reanalysis data. We found that both inventories show similar accuracy statistically (correlation coefficients, R of 0.87 and 0.9 and RMSEs of 8.4 and 10.2 μg/m³ for EDGAR and ECLIPSE, respectively) at national scale, but with significant regional variation. The simulated anthropogenic populated PM2.5 exposure is high with ECLIPSE emission compare to EDGAR for most of the states. In some populated states Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Bihar, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Punjab and few less populated states Sikkim, Tripura exposure is exceeding more than 30% with ECLIPSE emission inventory compare to EDGAR. After the monsoon is withdrawn, pollution builds up in the western Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB), while it is pushed towards eastern IGB in the winter season. Diurnal amplitude in anthropogenic PM2.5 exceeds 15 μg/m3 in large parts of India especially during the post-monsoon to winter season suggesting that exposure modeling needs to be carried out with higher temporal frequency for better health burden assessment.
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