Abstract
Background: Chronic illnesses are often associated with functional disability, thus compromising the ability to carry out everyday activities of daily living. The degree of disability depends on the severity and the type of illness experienced. Studies that compare the level of disability between people with chronic medical conditions and mental illnesses in North-Central Nigeria are scarce. This study aims to compare the disability levels between people with schizophrenia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) attending outpatient clinics at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, north-central Nigeria, and evaluate the factors associated with these conditions. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study with a total of 600 patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia and T2DM, attending the Psychiatric and medical outpatient clinics of the Jos University Teaching Hospital, north-central Nigeria, between June 2017 and November 2017. The study assessed Psychotic and non-psychotic symptoms by applying the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) among those with schizophrenia. We evaluated the level of disability by using World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule version 2.0 (WHODAS 2.00). Results: Disability was significantly higher among respondents with schizophrenia than those with T2DM. This difference occurred across all the domains except domain 2 (moving around). Marital status, living situation, occupation, and treatment adherence were significant common factors associated with disability in these conditions. In contrast, age, educational status, income level, and duration of illness were significantly associated with disability among respondents with T2DM only. Conclusion: Disability and its associated factors among people with chronic diseases, if identified early and proper interventions instituted, disability can be avoided or minimized among people with chronic illnesses.
Highlights
Chronic conditions are human health conditions or diseases that are persistent or otherwise long-lasting in their effects [1]
This study aims to compare the disability levels between people with schizophrenia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) attending outpatient clinics at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, north-central Nigeria, and evaluate the factors associated with these conditions
It was a cross-sectional study with a total of 600 patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia and T2DM, attending the Psychiatric and medical outpatient clinics of the Jos University Teaching Hospital, north-central Nigeria, between June 2017 and November 2017
Summary
Chronic conditions are human health conditions or diseases that are persistent or otherwise long-lasting in their effects [1] These conditions frequently cause functional disability, characterized by restriction or deterioration of an individual’s expected functioning in a particular society, family, or social group [2]. The degree of disability experienced by people with chronic conditions correlates with the conditions’ type and the associated demographic and clinical factors [5]-[10]. Studies that compare the level of disability between people with chronic medical conditions and mental illnesses in North-Central Nigeria are scarce. This study aims to compare the disability levels between people with schizophrenia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) attending outpatient clinics at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, north-central Nigeria, and evaluate the factors associated with these conditions. Age, educational status, income level, and duration of illness were significantly
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