A comparative analysis of the evolution of compositional and entropy waves in turbulent channel flows

Abstract

Indirect combustion noise, as an important source of noise in gas turbines, was traditionally attributed solely to entropy waves. In recent years, compositional waves were introduced as another contributor to indirect combustion noise. Nonetheless, unlike that of entropy waves, the annihilation of compositional waves by the mean flow has remained largely unexplored. Hence, the current numerical study analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution of different components of compositional waves and compares them with the decay of entropy waves. A convecting wave, including a mixture of combustion products at elevated temperature, is introduced at the inlet of a simple channel. This allows simultaneous analysis of entropy and compositional waves. The passage of these along the channel is modeled using a large eddy simulation, and the annihilation of the waves' components is examined in the frequency domain. It is shown that the turbulence level of the mean flow and convective heat transfer on the walls can both result in a considerable wave deterioration. However, the effects of heat losses from the channel walls are found to be stronger than that of turbulence intensity. Importantly, as the wave is convected, the chemical potential function remains coherent for most of the channel length, and deterioration of the compositional wave majorly ensues from the mixture fraction gradient. The results indicate that, overall, the compositional sources feature 10%–20% more dissipation in comparison with the entropic sources. Therefore, compositional waves are less likely to survive the flow and generate noise.