A comparative analysis of ternary-hybrid nanofluid flows through a stretching cylinder influenced by an induced magnetic field with homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions

Abstract

This study investigates the flow of three different ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNFs) over a stretching cylinder in a Darcy–Forchheimer permeable medium. The THNFs are made of a mixture of silver, titanium dioxide, and graphene oxide nanoparticles dispersed in water, kerosene oil, and engine oil, separately. The study compares the behavior of the three THNFs and considers the effects of an induced magnetic field, homogenous–heterogeneous reactions, slip boundary conditions, and convective conditions. A bvp4c package of MATLAB software is engaged to find the numerical solution of the modeled equations system and the outcomes are displayed through graphs. It is witnessed that large estimates of the curvature parameter boost the fluid velocity and temperature. Additionally, the surface drag coefficient improves with increasing Darcy–Forchheimer effect. Of the three THNFs, the one with kerosene oil as the base fluid has the best performance. It is witnessed that for the heat transfer rate for engine oil is 19.14% more in comparison to kerosene oil. Similarly, it is 12.83% higher than water. The same is the case for and In addition, the volume fraction of nanoparticles decreases the velocity profile, while the Biot number increases the thermal profile. The chemical reaction parameter decreases the concentration profile. This is justified by comparing the results with previous studies.