A Comparative Analysis of Follicular Diameter Assessment Versus Doppler Ultrasound in Predicting Ovulation Timing for the Infertility Treatment: Insights From a Prospective Study.

Abstract

Background Infertility remains a significant challenge affecting millions of couples worldwide, with ovulation abnormalities being a common underlying cause. Pharmacological methods, such as clomiphene citrate, are often used to stimulate ovulation. However, the optimal timing for sexual intercourse during ovulation induction remains contentious. Objectives This study aimed to compare the efficacy of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) for measuring follicle size with Doppler ultrasound for assessing changes in blood flow to predict the timing of ovulation. Methods We conducted a comparative analysis involving 64 women undergoing infertility therapy. Participants were evaluated using both TVS to measure follicle diameter and Doppler ultrasound to assess perifollicular blood flow dynamics. The primary outcomes measured included ovulation rates, resistive index (RI) values, peak systolic velocity (PSV) values, and conception rates. Results The analysis showed comparable age distributions between the TVS and Doppler groups. There was no significant correlation between follicle diameter and ovulation when assessed by TVS. However, Doppler ultrasound revealed a substantial association between perifollicular blood flow dynamics and ovulation. Higher ovulation rates were linked to lower RI values and higher PSV values, indicating their potential as predictors of ovulation. Additionally, higher conception rates were positively correlated with increased vascularity in Zone 4 of the endometrium. Conclusion Doppler ultrasonography indices, particularly RI and PSV values, provide critical insights into perifollicular blood flow dynamics and endometrial vascularity, which can enhance the effectiveness of fertility treatments. While these findings highlight the potential of Doppler ultrasound in predicting ovulation and improving treatment outcomes, further research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms and validate these results for personalised treatment strategies.