Abstract
The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) was introduced as a regulatory tool employed at the ship design phase to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and increase the vessel’s operational efficiency. Although it stimulated the greening of the shipping operations, its effectiveness is considerably criticised from various shipping industry stakeholders. The aim of this study is to investigate the EEDI effectiveness on accurately representing the environmental performance of the next-generation ships power plants for two representative ship types, in specific, an ocean-going tanker and a cruise ship. The performance of the optimal power plant solutions identified in previous studies is analysed according to the existing EEDI regulatory framework and compared with the lifetime CO2 emissions estimated based on an actual operating profile for each ship. The results indicate that the EEDI underestimates the effect of technologies for reducing carbon emissions in all the investigated cases. In this respect, it is concluded that EEDI is classified as a conservative metric, which however can be used as an approximation to compare alternative solutions early in the design phase.
Highlights
Global shipping has a great impact on global carbon emissions as it accounts for approximately 3% of the global CO2 emissions [1]
The performance of the optimal power plant solutions for two ocean-going ships, which were identified in previous studies considering both environmental and economic objectives, was analysed according to the existing Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) regulatory framework and compared with the lifetime CO2 emissions estimated based on an actual operating profile for each ship
It was identified that the baseline configurations for both the investigated tanker and cruise ship did not manage to comply with the forthcoming phases of the EEDI, and designs of reduced carbon footprint are required
Summary
Global shipping has a great impact on global carbon emissions as it accounts for approximately 3% of the global CO2 emissions [1]. A reduction of CO2 emissions around 90% is required from 2010 to 2050 [6] in order for the shipping industry to contribute to the global target of keeping the temperature increase below 2 ◦C. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC), acknowledging the great contribution of the shipping sector to the global CO2 emissions, set a target to reduce the CO2 emissions from the shipping sector by 50% until 2050 [7]. For reducing the ships’ carbon emissions, regulations to improve the ship energy efficiency and reduce the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions have been introduced, and further pressure to reduce the CO2 emissions is foreseen in the future. IMO introduced the first maritime energy efficiency regulation in 2011 [8], which is highly related to the reduction of CO2 emissions. A Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system for CO2 emissions was introduced by the European Union [11]
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