Abstract
k-submodular functions were introduced by Huber and Kolmogorov as a generalization of bisubmodular functions. This paper establishes a compact representation of minimizers of k-submodular functions by posets with inconsistent pairs (PIPs), and completely characterizes the class of PIPs (elementary PIPs) corresponding to minimizers of k-submodular functions. Our representation coincides with Birkhoff’s representation theorem if \(k=1\) and with signed-poset representation by Ando and Fujishige if \(k=2\). We also give algorithms to construct the elementary PIP representing the minimizers of a k-submodular function f for three cases: (i) a minimizing oracle of f is available, (ii) f is network-representable, and (iii) f is the objective function of the relaxation of multiway cut problem. Furthermore, we provide an efficient algorithm to enumerate all maximal minimizers from the PIP representation. Our results are applied to obtain all maximal persistent assignments in labeling problems arising from computer vision.
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