Abstract
This paper presents a low-cost high-efficiency solar energy harvesting system to power outdoor wireless sensor nodes. It is based on a Voltage Open Circuit (VOC) algorithm that estimates the open-circuit voltage by means of a multilayer perceptron neural network model trained using local experimental characterization data, which are acquired through a novel low cost characterization system incorporated into the deployed node. Both units—characterization and modelling—are controlled by the same low-cost microcontroller, providing a complete solution which can be understood as a virtual pilot cell, with identical characteristics to those of the specific small solar cell installed on the sensor node, that besides allows an easy adaptation to changes in the actual environmental conditions, panel aging, etc. Experimental comparison to a classical pilot panel based VOC algorithm show better efficiency under the same tested conditions.
Highlights
Energy harvesting (EH) is a main research field in cyber-physical systems reliability, especially in portable and unattended environmental sensing applications, such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) deployed on extensive outdoor areas monitoring ambient conditions as temperature, light, pressure, and humidity or air pollutants
Temperature and illuminance are monitored by maximum powerpower point point transfer (MPPT) Comparison the microcontroller, that compares the Figure 16 shows the electronic implementation of the energy harvesting system based on the real panel output voltage
This paper has proposed an in situ PV panel modelling system, complying with the this into account, this paper has proposed an in situ PV panel modelling system, complying with the severe constraints related to wireless sensor networks in size, cost and energy consumption
Summary
Energy harvesting (EH) is a main research field in cyber-physical systems reliability, especially in portable and unattended environmental sensing applications, such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) deployed on extensive outdoor areas monitoring ambient conditions as temperature, light, pressure, and humidity or air pollutants. A maximum power tracking system reproduce its open-circuit behaviour under the real environmental working conditions in order to on a Voltage Open Circuit (VOC) algorithm that models the solar panel to reproduce its open-circuit speed up the load of an energy storage system in low form factor wireless sensor nodes, maintaining behaviour under the real environmental working conditions in order to speed up the load of an energy as objectives low cost and minimization of visual storage system maximum in low formefficiency, factor wireless sensor nodes, maintaining as impact. The real voltage and current provided by the panel at different programmable loads It consists of three main elements (Figure 2): a compact variable load connected to the device.
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