Abstract
Null-steering using adaptive antenna systems is a robust method to global positioning system (GPS) receivers against hostile jamming. Conventionally, multi-antenna arrays have been utilized for such receivers, but the size and weight are often prohibitive especially for space-limited airborne applications. In this paper, we present another approach based on antenna pattern and polarization diversity to enable null-steering, and propose a design with co-located elements to achieve a small footprint. As a proof-of-concept, we present an antenna prototype with a size of only 5 × 5 × 1.9 cm 3 (0.26λ × 0.26λ × 0.1λ) at the L1 band, capable of steering two nulls. We present the simulated and measured parameters of the antenna, study its null-steering performance in various interference scenarios with a simple power minimization method, and demonstrate its capability in suppressing up to two jamming signals incident from the angular region close to horizon.
Highlights
Global positioning system (GPS) has enabled and augmented many technologies in different sectors by providing navigation and timing information
The source of interference could be unintentional, such as signals in the same band or harmonics of out-of-band signals usually originating from sources close to a GPS receiver
The interference could be intentional, such as hostile jamming, in which case a high power signal is transmitted in the same band to overwhelm the receiver and raise the noise level to degrade its performance or completely thwart its operation
Summary
Global positioning system (GPS) has enabled and augmented many technologies in different sectors by providing navigation and timing information. The issue of size was addressed in [10] where a TM11 − TM21 microstrip patch antenna was presented where both modes are excited in rings (as opposed to shorted rings) and on a higher dielectric constant substrate, achieving a compact diameter of 6.4 cm at the GPS L1 band (0.33λ). Both polarizations of each element were utilized independently in this design, enabling the steering of up to three nulls.
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