Abstract
We have successfully fabricated transparent conductive mesoporous indium tin oxide (TCM-ITO) films by a screen-printing method. The TCM-ITO films possess approximately 22 nm mesopores and obtain electrical conductivity up to 14.96 S/cm by adjusting the mass ratio of cubic-shaped ITO nanoparticles to ethyl cellulose (EC) and precisely controlling the annealing process. The regulation mechanism of EC and the heat-induced recrystallization process of ITO nanoparticles are elaborated. The internal kinetic processes of the films based on different surface states are analysed, and an extensible impedance model is established.
Highlights
Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have been studied sufficiently in recent decades
Pre-prepared Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were applied as an obstacle to limit the pore size in the mesoporous scaffold
Several articles have reported that it is feasible to control the grain size and shape of the nanoparticles[14,15,16], by which the size of the mesopores can be arbitrary regulated by adjusting the grain size
Summary
Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have been studied sufficiently in recent decades. As an excellent TCO material, ITO films with mesoporous framework have raised significant attention because such a scaffold allows functionalization to obtain excellent device performance with electrochemical and photoelectrical active species[5,10]. Methods of controllable ITO mesoporous films have been realized by the sol-gel process[11], but it yields amorphous pore walls and restricts the range of application on other mesoporous metal oxide substrates. We proposed a series of strategies to fabricate robust ITO mesoporous films that have high conductivity and transmittance by using a paste consisting of pre-prepared ITO nanoparticles and the screen-printing technique, and that have mesopores of approximately 22 nm, electrical conductivity up to 7.6 S/cm, and average transmittance about 90% at 500 °C. The internal kinetic behaviour of the films with different surface states is explored, and an extensible impedance model based on conductive mesoporous films is offered to estimate the electrode performance
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