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Abstract
BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is characterized by significant heterogeneity. Thus, novel prognostic indicators are required to improve prognosis and treatment.MethodsCysteine rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3) and serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) levels in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS)-urine collected during digital rectal examination of 496 patients histologically diagnosed with PCa were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A combined CRISP3 and SPINK1 prognostic grade (CSPG) was defined using cut-off values from receiver operating characteristic curves. Log-rank Kaplan-Meier survival curves investigated differences in prognosis between groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses investigated the CSPG relationship with biochemical recurrence (BCR), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Three prognostic models were developed and validated.ConclusionsCRISP3 and SPINK1 levels increased with Gleason score progression, pathological T stage, and metastasis status. CSPG in EPS-urine, which was an effective independent prognostic variable, accurately predicted the prognosis of patients with PCa. Three clinical prognostic models using the CSPG for BCR, CSS, and OS were developed and validated.
Highlights
As the most common malignancy in males, prostate cancer (PCa) is harmful to men’s health [1]
Our results showed that these two proteins in EPS-urine were significant prognosis indicators
Model accuracy was strictly validated in the internal validation group. These findings suggested that CRISP3 and SPINK1 prognostic grade (CSPG) in EPSurine accurately predicted PCa prognosis
Summary
As the most common malignancy in males, prostate cancer (PCa) is harmful to men’s health [1]. Fr/), PCa ranks second in the estimated age-standardized incidence rate, first in the 5-year prevalence, and sixth in the age-standardized mortality of all malignant tumors worldwide. Clinicians mainly assess the clinical risk level of patients by serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), pathological stage, and Gleason score [2]. Due to the significant heterogeneity of PCa, current clinicopathological prognostic indicators cannot competently predict patient prognosis [3,4,5]. Novel prognostic indicators are required to improve prognosis and direct prompt treatment. CSPG in EPS-Urine for PCa. Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by significant heterogeneity. Novel prognostic indicators are required to improve prognosis and treatment
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