Abstract
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are common causative agents with high infection rate in pig farms, thus a combined vaccine against both EMCV and PCV2 is highly desirable. In the present study, we developed an oil-adjuvant combination vaccine candidate comprising of inactivated EMCV and PCV2, and evaluated the safety and immunogenicity in mice and swine. The combination vaccine was found to elicit serum antibodies and had strong neutralization activity, more importantly, passive immunization with the combined vaccine protected swine against either EMCV or PCV2 lethal infections, whereas the monovalent vaccine only prevent the one of two virus challenge. Our results demonstrated the combined vaccine was safe and induced protective immune response in mice and swine as evident from sero-conservation as well as challenge studies in swine, indicating that component vaccines did not interfere with the immunogenicity of each other.
Highlights
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are common causative agents with high infection rate in pig farms
The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the combined vaccine in mice were determined as shown in Figure 1(a) and Figure 1(b), the control group exhibited baseline levels of reactivity with both coating antigens; the anti-EMCV sera strongly bound to the EMCV-VP1 antigen and weakly to the PCV2-ORF2 counterpart; vice versa, the anti-PCV2 sera reacted potently with the PCV2-ORF2 coating antigen and a lesser extent with the EMCV-VP1 coating antigen
EMCV and PCV2 are the two major causative agents of swine, which are threatening the production of pigs in many countries and have high economic importance
Summary
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are common causative agents with high infection rate in pig farms. PCV2 is the major pathogen of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD), which can cause severe immunosuppression in pigs and lead to secondary or other infectious diseases [5]. Both the diseases are responsible for a significant economic loss on pig farms. There is a potential for use of a combination vaccine for control of these infections in the endemic areas
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