A Color Image Watermarking Based on Tensor Analysis

Abstract

Since most of the color image watermarking methods embed the watermark information in each channel or one channel of a color image, the redundant information of the color image cannot be sufficiently utilized, resulting in the poor ability to resist attacks. In this paper, a novel blind color image watermarking method based on the tensor domain is proposed, and it takes efficient account of the overall characteristics of color images and spreads the watermark information into three channels of color images based on tensor decomposition. Exploring the new tensor domain to embed and extract watermark information and the theoretical proof of the optimal embedding position of the core tensor are the major technical contributions of this paper. To be more specific, first, the RGB channels of the color image as a tensor are considered, and the tensor decomposition is used to obtain the core tensor. Then, based on the theoretical proof, the optimal embedding position of the core tensor is obtained, and the watermark information is embedded into the core tensor. Finally, the watermark information is spread to the three channels of the color image through the inverse tensor decomposition. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better invisibility and stronger robustness for the most common attacks.