Abstract
When the troops of five Warsaw Pact nations 1 moved into Czechoslovakia on the night of 20-21 August 1968, a great many of the givens of international politics were rudely challenged. East-West relations in Europe, particularly central Europe, called for reevaluation. French and West German policies especially demanded reappraisal.2 Western European commentary raised fundamental questions concerning the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO): And as far as the Warsaw Pact is concerned, this alleged partnership for alleged protection against alleged risks of aggression from the West, turned out to be an instrument in the hands of the supreme Power used against its own members and was successfully perverted for this purpose. 3Some viewed the Czech situation as one further indicator of the cohesion of European communism. Such observers saw declining cohesion as evidence of a disintegration or transformation of the movement. ' Opinions such as these questioned the functions and purposes of the alliance as well as the relationship between
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