Abstract
With the help of the bacteria in the rumen, ruminants can effectively convert human inedible plant fiber to edible food (meat and milk). However, the understanding of rumen bacteriome in dairy cows is still limited, especially in a large population under the same diet, breed, and milking period. Here we described the sequencing data of 16S rRNA gene of rumen bacteriome from 334 mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows generated using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 (PE250) platform. A total of 24,030,828 raw reads with an average of 71,946 ± 13,450 sequences per sample were obtained. The top ten genera with highest relative abundance accounted for 60.65% of total bacterial sequences. We observed 4,460 overall operational taxonomic units (1,827 ± 94 per sample) based on a 97% nucleotide sequence identity between reads. Totally 6,082 amplicon sequence variants (672 ± 131 per sample) were identified in 334 samples. The shareable datasets can be re-used by researchers to assess other rumen bacterial-related biological functions in dairy cows towards the improvement of animal production and health.
Highlights
Background & SummaryDairy cows play important roles in supplying milk to humans and harnessing solar energy by efficiently converting plant biomass to nutrients that are absorbed and utilized by animals to produce milk[1]
Bacteria are the predominant microbes in the rumen (>91% of the whole microbiome2) who produce volatile fatty acids and microbial protein that provide more than 70% of required energy[3] and 60% of non-ammonia nitrogen[4] to the dairy cow
It is well known that the composition of ruminal bacteriome of the dairy cow is highly affected by diet, age, geographic location, season, feeding cycle, and feeding regimen[5], as well as host animal[6]
Summary
Dairy cows play important roles in supplying milk to humans and harnessing solar energy by efficiently converting plant biomass to nutrients that are absorbed and utilized by animals to produce milk[1] This process is mainly attributed to the ruminal microbiota, especially to the bacterial community. We provided the description of up-to- largest numbers of rumen bacteriome samples in the mid-lactation Holstein dairy cow, related phenotypes, and detailed methods for identification and validation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing reads. These data will be a valuable resource for microbiology, and can be shared and re-used by the research community to investigate other questions on rumen microbiology in dairy cow towards the improvement of animal production and health
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