A collaborative auditing scheme with dynamic data updates based on blockchain

Abstract

Cloud data auditing is essential to ensure the integrity of cloud data. The main idea of cloud auditing is to entrust the audit task to a third-party auditor (TPA) with powerful computing ability. However, TPA may lead to data leakage and become the single point of failure. Recently, blockchain has been introduced to solve these problems by TPA. However, the dynamic storage structure developed by traditional cloud storage does not apply to the blockchain. This paper proposes a blockchain-based collaborative public auditing scheme for dynamic data. We design the cloud service provider(CSP) to generate a challenge set using the latest block hash. It does not need to interact with the blockchain in the challenge phase, dramatically reducing communication overhead. In addition, considering economic factors, we allow users to seek partners to reduce audit costs. The EigenTrust model evaluates the reputation of each user's audit behaviour, effectively avoiding the probability of malicious users participating. For data update, we introduce the Pseudo Index Linked List(PIL) index management structure, which reduces the size of the index management structure to adapt to the blockchain's characteristics and makes the update operation have a constant time complexity. Through a complete security analysis and performance evaluation, we proved the security and effectiveness of the scheme.