A cold energy mixture theory for the equation of state in solid and porous metal mixtures

Abstract

Porous or solid multi-component mixtures are ubiquitous in nature and extensively used as industrial materials such as multifunctional energetic structural materials (MESMs), metallic and ceramic powder for shock consolidation, and porous armor materials. In order to analyze the dynamic behavior of a particular solid or porous metal mixture in any given situation, a model is developed to calculate the Hugoniot data for solid or porous mixtures using only static thermodynamic properties of the components. The model applies the cold energy mixture theory to calculate the isotherm of the components to avoid temperature effects on the mixtures. The isobaric contribution from the thermodynamic equation of state is used to describe the porous material Hugoniot. Dynamic shock responses of solid or porous powder mixtures compacted by shock waves have been analyzed based on the mixture theory and Hugoniot for porous materials. The model is tested on both single-component porous materials such as aluminum 2024, copper, and iron; and on multi-component mixtures such as W/Cu, Fe/Ni, and Al/Ni. The theoretical calculations agree well with the corresponding experimental and simulation results. The present model produces satisfactory correlation with the experimentally obtained Hugoniot data for solid porous materials over a wide pressure range.