Abstract
Marine radars are increasingly popular for monitoring meteorological and oceanographic parameters such as ocean surface wind, waves and currents as well as bathymetry and shorelines. Within this paper a coherent on receive marine radar is introduced, which is based on an incoherent off the shelf pulsed X-band radar. The main concept of the coherentization is based on the coherent on receive principle, where the coherence is achieved by measuring the phase of the transmitted pulse from a leak in the radar circulator, which then serves as a reference phase for the transmitted pulse. The Doppler shift frequency can be computed from two consecutive pulse-pairs in the time domain or from the first moment of the Doppler spectrum inferred by means of a short time Fast Fourier Transform. From the Doppler shift frequencies, radial speed maps of the backscatter of the ocean surface are retrieved. The resulting backscatter intensity and Doppler speed maps are presented for horizontal as well as vertical polarization, and discussed with respect to meteorological and oceanographic applications.
Highlights
The marine radar (MR) was developed for navigational purposes in the shipping industry to improve safety during nights or bad weather conditions
The classical MR operates in X-band (9.4 GHz), at grazing incidence, as an incoherent pulsed radar system transmitting a short electromagnetic pulse and measuring the returned backscatter intensity in space and time, which is related to the radar cross section (RCS)
A coherent on receive MR system has been developed for the measurement of intensity and speed of the ocean surface backscatter in space and time
Summary
Jochen Horstmann *, Jan Bödewadt, Ruben Carrasco , Marius Cysewski, Jörg Seemann and Michael Streβer. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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