Abstract
A planar, compact, single-substrate, multiband, frequency-reconfigurable multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The proposed antenna elements are integrated with an ultrawideband (UWB) sensing antenna to develop a complete antenna platform for cognitive radio (CR) applications. The dual-element MIMO antenna is integrated with p-i-n and varactor diodes for frequency reconfigurability. Two modes of selection are used for the MIMO antenna system reconfigurability along with varactor tuning to sweep the frequency over a wide band especially below 1 GHz. The proposed sensing antenna is used to cover a wide range of frequency bands from $720\sim3440~\hbox{MHz}$ . The complete system comprising the multiband reconfigurable MIMO antennas and UWB sensing antenna for CR applications is proposed with a compact form factor. The antenna system is developed on a single substrate area of dimensions $65\times120\times1.56~\hbox{mm}^3$ .
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