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Abstract
BackgroundNoninvasive and effective biomarkers for early detection of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) before measurable changes in behavioral performance remain scarce. Cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) measure synchronized synaptic neural activity associated with a cognitive event. Loss of synapses is a hallmark of the neuropathology of early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ERP responses during working memory retrieval discriminate aMCI from cognitively normal controls (NC) matched in age and education.MethodsEighteen NC, 17 subjects with aMCI, and 13 subjects with AD performed a delayed match-to-sample task specially designed not only to be easy enough for impaired participants to complete but also to generate comparable performance between subjects with NC and those with aMCI. Scalp electroencephalography, memory accuracy, and reaction times were measured.ResultsWhereas memory performance separated the AD group from the others, the performance of NC and subjects with aMCI was similar. In contrast, left frontal cognitive ERP patterns differentiated subjects with aMCI from NC. Enhanced P3 responses at left frontal sites were associated with nonmatching relative to matching stimuli during working memory tasks in patients with aMCI and AD, but not in NC. The accuracy of discriminating aMCI from NC was 85% by using left frontal match/nonmatch effect combined with nonmatch reaction time.ConclusionsThe left frontal cognitive ERP indicator holds promise as a sensitive, simple, affordable, and noninvasive biomarker for detection of early cognitive impairment.
Highlights
Noninvasive and effective biomarkers for early detection of amnestic mild cognitive impairment before measurable changes in behavioral performance remain scarce
Post hoc comparisons revealed that participants with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) performed worse than those in the normal controls (NC) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) groups (p < 0.01), but no significant differences were found between the NC and aMCI groups
Summary patients with AD performed more slowly and less accurately than participants in the aMCI and NC groups, the NC and aMCI groups did not differ significantly in either Response time (RT) or accuracy. These results suggested that the performance between NC and aMCI on the easier task was comparable as planned, whereas patients with dementia performed significantly worse than these groups
Summary
Noninvasive and effective biomarkers for early detection of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) before measurable changes in behavioral performance remain scarce. Cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) measure synchronized synaptic neural activity associated with a cognitive event. We tested the hypothesis that ERP responses during working memory retrieval discriminate aMCI from cognitively normal controls (NC) matched in age and education. Detection of brain changes that precede clinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been a major public health goal owing to the rapidly increasing proportion of the population that is at risk of developing the debilitating illness. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional state between normal aging and dementia. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a subtype of MCI, has been. EEG signals associated with cognitive events, known as event-related potentials (ERPs), are a well-studied approach for indexing brain mechanisms underlying memory and cognition. The science of using cognitive ERPs as biomarkers remains in its infancy
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