Abstract
Speech is the most significant mode of communication among human beings and a potential method for human-computer interaction (HCI) by using a microphone sensor. Quantifiable emotion recognition using these sensors from speech signals is an emerging area of research in HCI, which applies to multiple applications such as human-reboot interaction, virtual reality, behavior assessment, healthcare, and emergency call centers to determine the speaker’s emotional state from an individual’s speech. In this paper, we present major contributions for; (i) increasing the accuracy of speech emotion recognition (SER) compared to state of the art and (ii) reducing the computational complexity of the presented SER model. We propose an artificial intelligence-assisted deep stride convolutional neural network (DSCNN) architecture using the plain nets strategy to learn salient and discriminative features from spectrogram of speech signals that are enhanced in prior steps to perform better. Local hidden patterns are learned in convolutional layers with special strides to down-sample the feature maps rather than pooling layer and global discriminative features are learned in fully connected layers. A SoftMax classifier is used for the classification of emotions in speech. The proposed technique is evaluated on Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture (IEMOCAP) and Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS) datasets to improve accuracy by 7.85% and 4.5%, respectively, with the model size reduced by 34.5 MB. It proves the effectiveness and significance of the proposed SER technique and reveals its applicability in real-world applications.
Highlights
Speech emotion recognition (SER) is the natural and fastest way of exchanging and communication between humans and computers and plays an important role in real-time applications of human-machine interaction
The Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture (IEMOCAP) dataset contains 12 h of audiovisual data, which is divided into five sessions, each session has two actors to record a script in multiple emotions
[14] Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture to develop a deep stride convolutional neural network (DSCNN) model for SER and performs experiments on utterance-based speech spectrograms which is generated from speech signals
Summary
Speech emotion recognition (SER) is the natural and fastest way of exchanging and communication between humans and computers and plays an important role in real-time applications of human-machine interaction. Many researchers are working in this domain to make a machine intelligent enough that can understand the state from an individual’s speech to analyze or identify the emotional condition of the speaker. Researchers are trying to finding the robust and salient features for SER using artificial intelligence and deep learning approaches [3] to extracting hidden information, CNN features to trained different CNN models [4,5] to increasing the performance and decreasing the computational complexity of SER for human behavior assessment. The SER have faced many challenges and limitation due to the vast users of social media, low coast and fast bandwidth of the Internet. Due to the usage of low-cost internet and social media occur semantic gape. To cover the semantic gap in this area, Sensors 2020, 20, 183; doi:10.3390/s20010183 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors
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