Abstract
A major structural inconsistency of the traditional curve number (CN) model is its dependence on an unstable fixed initial abstraction, which normally results in sudden jumps in runoff estimation. Likewise, the lack of pre-storm soil moisture accounting (PSMA) procedure is another inherent limitation of the model. To circumvent those problems, we used a variable initial abstraction after ensembling the traditional CN model and a French four-parameter (GR4J) model to better quantify direct runoff from ungauged watersheds. To mimic the natural rainfall-runoff transformation at the watershed scale, our new parameterization designates intrinsic parameters and uses a simple structure. It exhibited more accurate and consistent results than earlier methods in evaluating data from 39 forest-dominated watersheds, both for small and large watersheds. In addition, based on different performance evaluation indicators, the runoff reproduction results show that the proposed model produced more consistent results for dry, normal, and wet watershed conditions than the other models used in this study.
Highlights
The one-parameter traditional curve number (CN) model (CN model) developed by the U.S.Soil Conservation Service (SCS) known as Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), has enjoyed a long history of application as a lumped hydrological model
Runoff-producing response for the common discrete Ia = 0.2S and the proposed variable formulation. This assessment was accomplished once the pre-storm soil moisture was adjusted in Ia based on the recommendation from [11] and was subsequently adopted by other researchers in their studies (e.g., [4,5,12])
The measured rainfall-runoff events we used in the model assessments were characterized by a complex pattern to represent a diverse response
Summary
The one-parameter traditional curve number (CN) model (CN model) developed by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) known as Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), has enjoyed a long history of application as a lumped hydrological model. The CN model is reputable in the realm of applied hydrology, and CN is a mature concept that will remain in the forefront of engineering design. The unavailability of any other simple contender has allowed this model to enjoy a long application history [3]. The widespread application of the CN model has led to its inclusion in hydrological software for surface runoff computations, such as CREAMS, CELTHYM, EPIC, HELP, L-THIA, PRZM, SWAT, SWIM [4], AGNPS, EPA-SWMM, GLEAMS, HEC-HMS, NLEAP, WinTR20, and
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