Abstract
Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN) can greatly meet the demand for explosively growing data traffic via deploying small cells (SCs) densely. However, the SCs densification causes higher energy consumption and more severe inter-cell interference (ICI). The SC on/off control is one of the effective ways to solve above problems, but the challenge is to maintain network coverage while avoiding degradation of the quality of service (QoS) of user equipment (UEs). In this paper, we formulate energy efficiency (EE) optimization problem in stochastic geometry-based network and take into consideration the QoS of UEs and ICI to maximize the EE. The solution is obtained by dividing the problem into SCs clustering and intra-cluster SC on/off control. We first use an improved K-means clustering algorithm to divide the dense SCs into disjoint clusters according to the distance and density of SCs. Then, within each cluster, selecting a SC as the cluster head (CH) is responsible for performing SC on/off operations under taking minimum rate of UEs and ICI as constraints. In addition, a heuristic search algorithm (HSA) is proposed for the intra-cluster SC on/off control. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the network energy efficiency and suppress interference.
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