Abstract
This paper develops a method for calculating the angular distribution (AD) of multiply scattered photons through isotropic turbid slabs. Extension to anisotropic scattering is also discussed. Previous studies have recognized that the AD of multiply scattered photons is critical for many applications, such as the design of imaging optics and estimation of image quality. This paper therefore develops a closed-from method that can accurately calculate the AD over a wide range of conditions. Other virtues of the method include its simplicity in implementation and its prospective for extension to anisotropic scattering.
Highlights
Multiple scattering represents a fundamental problem with applications in a wide spectrum of practical systems, ranging from imaging through biological tissues [1], remote sensing in the atmosphere [2], and development of laser diagnostics for dense sprays [3]
The angular distribution (AD) plays a critical role in designing the imaging system involving multiple scattering, such as the selection of the lens [4], estimation of the detection limit and resolution [5, 6], and the application of angular filtering [7]
Two interesting observations can be made: 1) the AD is peaked towards θ = 90° at small optical depth (OD) (Panel (a)), and 2) after OD becomes larger than 5, the AD becomes insensitive to OD (Panel (b))
Summary
Multiple scattering (due to Mie scattering) represents a fundamental problem with applications in a wide spectrum of practical systems, ranging from imaging through biological tissues [1], remote sensing in the atmosphere [2], and development of laser diagnostics for dense sprays [3]. This problem has attracted a considerable amount of research efforts from different disciplines. In many of these applications, the angular distribution (AD) of the multiply scattered photons plays an important role. It is highly desirable to have a simple (preferably closed-form) method to calculate the AD efficiently
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