A Clinicopathological Study of Soft Tissue Tumours in Correlation with Immunohistochemistry

Abstract

Background: Soft tissue tumors are a diverse and heterogeneous group of tumors. The sub classification of these tumors is of importance for both prognosis and treatment. Classically, subcategorization is based purely on histomorphological grounds , but as new techniques evolve, a more conclusive and accurate diagnosis can be made. This study records the incidence ,age ,sex and site distribution of soft tissue tumors at Narayana medical college , Nellore and to study gross, histology of both benign , malignant soft tissue tumors and confirmation of morphological diagnosis by Immunohistochemistry .The comparision of these findings with the workers doing similar studies. Materials And Methods: The study included 105 cases of soft tissue tumors in four years duration at the histopathology laboratory of Narayana medical college. Where indicated , tumors were stained with a panel of antibodies using the PAP technique. Results: Of these , 92(87.6 %) were benign and 13 cases (12.3%) were malignant . The incidence of both benign and malignant soft tissue tumors was more common in males than in females. The peak incidence of benign soft tissue tumors was observed in the age group of 21 to 30 yrs (30.43%) (P=0.025) and that of malignant tumors 51 to 60 yrs (53.8%) of the age group. Benign tumors were more common in age group less than 30 years (60.86%) and malignant tumors were more common between 30 -60 years (69.25%)(P=0.006). The most common site of occurrence for benign tumors was head & neck (52.17%) and for malignant tumors was the lower extremity (69.23%). Lipomas formed major bulk of benign soft tissue tumors (34.7 %). The most frequently diagnosed sarcomas were liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma (15.3%).Cases were further analyzed using IHC and confirmed by IHC. A Chi-square test was performed, which proved that these results were statistically significant. Conclusions: Soft tissue tumors is one of the key areas in surgical pathology where immunohistochemistry plays an important role in both precise diagnosis and sub-categorization