A Clinical Nomogram for Predicting Overall Survival in Patients With T1/T2 Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

BackgroundTo evaluate the overall survival (OS) and construct a nomogram to predict the OS of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed data of patients with PSCC from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between 2012 and 2022. R software was used to explore factors influencing OS in PSCC. Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were employed for OS estimation. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify these factors. A nomogram was created to identify the independent prognostic factors. The model was evaluated by concordance index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration plots. ResultsA total of 159 patients with T1/T2 PSCC were included in the analysis. Patients with T2/N2 stage, older age, larger tumor size, high preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and poor preoperative nutrition had a higher incidence of poor OS. Age, T/N stage, tumor size and SII were identified as independent prognostic indicators. A prognostic nomogram was formulated, and its predictive accuracy for estimating OS in PSCC patients was validated through ROC curves and calibration plots. ConclusionThe nomograms, based on age, T/N stage, tumor size, and high preoperative SII, provide a valuable tool for predicting 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS in patients with T1/T2 PSCC without distant metastases.