A clinical analysis of 46 cases of neurotrophic keratitis

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic effect of neurotrophic keratitis (NK). Methods: A retrospective case series study. A total of 46 patients (48 eyes) with clinically diagnosed NK in Beijing Tongren Hospital from May 2013 to July 2016 were analyzed, including 26 males (26 eyes) and 20 females (22 eyes), aged (51±18) years. The general condition, etiology, clinical features, stage of disease and curative effect of NK patients were summarized. Corneal sensation was measured by Cochet-Bonnet corneal sensor for 25 patients (26 eyes), and the correlation between corneal sensation and clinical staging was analyzed. The χ(2) test was performed on the distribution characteristics of patients with different clinical stages of NK. Correlation analysis of corneal sensation and the disease stage was performed using Spearman correlation analysis. Results: Forty-four cases of monocular disease (96.65%) and 2 cases (4.35%) of bilateral disease were enrolled. Four eyes (8.33%) were from young patients (aged 18-29 years), 23 (47.92%) were from middle-aged patients (aged 30-59 years), and 21 (43.75%) were from elderly patients (aged ≥60 years). The disease was at stage Ⅰ in 8 eyes (16.67%), at stage Ⅱ in 21 eyes (43.75%), and stage Ⅲ in 19 eyes (39.58%). There was no significant difference in clinical staging between the three age groups (χ(2)=2.452, P=0.658). The most common cause of NK was virus infection (17 eyes,35.42%), followed by neurosurgical sequelae (11 eyes, 22.92%) and diabetes in 10 eyes(20.83%). Corneal sensation of 26 eyes ranged from 0-3 cm. There was no significant correlation between clinical stage and corneal sensation (r(2)=0.284, P=0.753). The patients were followed up for an average of 7 months. Thirty-four eyes (70.83%) received conservative treatment, and 8 eyes(16.67%) had surgery. Six patients (6 eyes) were lost for follow-up. Conclusions: NK can occur in all ages, mainly in the elderly. The clinical manifestations are diverse. If time delays in the diagnosis and treatment, it often causes corneal ulcers. There is no significant correlation between corneal sensation and clinical stage. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment are important for protecting patients' visual function.(Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56:274-298).