A Classical Physics Approach for Space Expansion: The Hubble Drift

Ogaba Philip Obande

doi:10.5539/apr.v13n2p39

Abstract

Accelerating expansion of metric space AEMS is investigated with classical Newtonian mechanics. Relying on earlier positions, the results are analyzed to reveal what could be a new understanding of the theoretical framework of the subject. Notably, it is shown that space is physical; it comprises aggregated waveforms of the chemical elements and shares identical quantization, periodicity and mass-evolution with matter. Three plausible methods are identified for classical investigation of the Hubble effect, all three give same result, Ho= 49.5 km s-1Mpc.&nbsp;AEMS results from coupling of light&rsquo;s 36.9o&nbsp;tangential component (vr=0.75r&omega;)&nbsp;to periodic space, i.e., a component of the vacuum field&rsquo;s e-m radiation couples to logarithmically decreasing distance scales, vr(E)/drE,&nbsp;to create an acceleration relative to space not time. Multiplicity of the Hubble constant aHo&nbsp;is traceable to corresponding multiplicity of universes nested within our universe. Mass ejection from a cosmic quantum envelope is the cosmic equivalence of radioactivity, it signals ageing and eventual disappearance of the host periodic envelope from visibility. Reality is an imperturbable (ideal) Steady-State, observations thought to invalidate this view are hugely misinterpreted, an explosion in or of spacetime marking the beginning of time could not conceivably sustain, over the aeons, an accelerating expansion of metric space; furthermore, the cosmic microwave background is the zero-point energy or vacuum radiation. The active galactic nucleus or black hole is not a singularity, it is a two-way valve that facilitates circulation of mass-energy matrices across the four phases or ref. frames of reality. There is no new creation of space or matter, only continuous recycling in line with NASA&rsquo;s recent observation.

Highlights

In 2017 we reported on the „Static Sky‟, “a map of the entire sky, as seen from the Pan-STARRS I telescope in Hawaii,” Obande (2017a)
The Hubble was truly a fundamental physical constant its value would emerge as coefficient of correlation of relevant parameters of the cosmic vacuum field CVF; here, we investigate the prospects within the context of classical spacetime
The mass-energy equivalent formula is strictly applicable to only the vacuum field, the more general form is it equates energies of the atom‟s wave and particulate forms, and intrinsic geometries, i.e., electronic configurations, of both forms;

Summary

Introduction

In 2017 we reported on the „Static Sky‟, “a map of the entire sky, as seen from the Pan-STARRS I telescope in Hawaii,” Obande (2017a). We interpreted the map an observational evidence of reality‟s wave-particle dual nature; in this context, reality is essentially a macrocosmic atom comprising integral wave and particulate forms, it shares common quantum characteristics with the atom. Based on this understanding, we posited that “... We assume that a specific e-m harmonic oscillation defines the chemical element; in other words, the atom is a quantum e-m oscillator It follows from these two fundamental assumptions that one could evaluate the atom‟s oscillation parameter or physical property if given its specific e-m oscillation frequency ν, Obande (2017a).

Methods

Results

Conclusion