Abstract
Background Triatoma rubrofasciata is a widespread pathogen vector for Chagas disease, an illness that affects approximately 7 million people worldwide. Despite its importance to human health, its evolutionary origin has not been conclusively determined. A reference genome for T. rubrofasciata is not yet available.FindingWe have sequenced the genome of a female individual with T. rubrofasciatausing a single molecular DNA sequencing technology (i.e., PacBio Sequel platform) and have successfully reconstructed a whole-genome (680-Mb) assembly that covers 90% of the nuclear genome (757 Mb). Through Hi-C analysis, we have reconstructed full-length chromosomes of this female individual that has 13 unique chromosomes (2n = 24 = 22 + X1 + X2) with a contig N50 of 2.72 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 50.7 Mb. This genome has achieved a high base-level accuracy of 99.99%. This platinum-grade genome assembly has 12,691 annotated protein-coding genes. More than 95.1% of BUSCO genes were single-copy completed, indicating a high level of completeness of the genome.ConclusionThe platinum-grade genome assembly and its annotation provide valuable information for future in-depth comparative genomics studies, including sexual determination analysis in T. rubrofasciata and the pathogenesis of Chagas disease.
Highlights
The insect Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Geer) (Hemiptera, Triatominae) is the first Triatominae species formally described, initially with the name Cimex rubrofasciatus De Geer, 1773 [1]
Finding: We have sequenced the genome of a female individual with T. rubrofasciata using a single molecular DNA sequencing technology (i.e., PacBio Sequel platform) and have successfully reconstructed a whole-genome (680-Mb) assembly that covers 90% of the nuclear genome (757 Mb)
We found that T. rubrofasciata was most closely related to R. prolixus, and the 2 species diverged from their common ancestor around 60.00–95.00 MYA (Fig. 7)
Summary
The insect Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Geer) (Hemiptera, Triatominae) is the first Triatominae species formally described, initially with the name Cimex rubrofasciatus De Geer, 1773 [1]. 46.75-Gb short reads were obtained from the Illumina X Ten DNA sequencing platform (Table 1), and 39.32-Gb filtered reads were used for the following genome survey analysis and for final-stage base-level genome sequence polishing. We compared the contig/scaffold number and N50 length of contig of T. rubrofasciata with insect species with sequenced genomes and found that our assembly has much improved quality over other insects (Fig. 5). Protein sequences of the closely related species, including Rhodnius prolixus (from VectorBase), Halyomorpha halys (from NCBI), Oncopeltus fasciatus (from USDA), Cimex lectularius (from NCBI), and Drosophila melanogaster (from NCBI), were aligned to the T. rubrofasciata genome with tblastn. To functionally annotate protein-coding genes in the T. rubrofasciata genome, we searched all predicted gene sequences to Figure 4: DNA interactionheatmap generated in Hi-C analysis (resolution: 500 Kb). We found that T. rubrofasciata was most closely related to R. prolixus, and the 2 species diverged from their common ancestor around 60.00–95.00 MYA (Fig. 7)
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