A Chinese version of the Participation Strategies Self Efficacy Scale (PS-SES): psychometric evaluation in stroke survivors

Abstract

Objective To cross-culturally adapt and investigate the psychometric properties of a Chinese-translated version of the Participation Strategies Self Efficacy Scale (PS-SES). Materials and methods The translation/back-translation procedure was done in line with cross-cultural adaptation international guidelines. 378 stroke survivors were recruited to complete the questionnaires. The psychometric properties of the PS-SES were evaluated by determining item analysis, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, convergent validity and floor/ceiling effects, respectively. Results The intraclass correlation coefficient using the two-way random model (ICC) (test–retest) was 0.923 (95% confidence interval (CI):0.844–0.962; p < 0.05). Cronbach’s alpha and split-half reliability (internal consistency) for the PS-SES-C was 0.968 and 0.906, respectively. For the content validity, the I-CVI of the PS-SES-C was ranged from 0.860 to 1.000 and the S-CVI was 0.949. In the exploratory factor analysis, a six-factor solution explained 80.695% of the variance. A moderate correlation was found between the PS-SES-C and the Chinese version of WHODAS 2.0 (−0.430). A strong correlation was found between the PS-SES-C and the SSEQ-C (0.626). Conclusion The PS-SES-C showed satisfactory psychometric properties. It can be considered a reliable and valid instrument to assess the participation strategies self-efficacy of stroke survivors in China. Implications for Rehabilitation The Participation Strategies Self Efficacy Scale was translated into Chinese through a rigorous cultural adaptation process. PS-SES-C is now a reliable and valid tool for Chinese-speaking patients who have suffered from a stroke. It is necessary to assess the participation strategies self-efficacy of strokesurvivors in China and develop targeted intervention programs.