Abstract
Chicken protein hydrolysates (CPHs) generated from rest raw materials through enzymatic hydrolysis using Corolase PP or Alcalase were shown to reduce inflammation and stimulate hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in high‐fat‐fed mice. This study investigates the effect of CPH diets in atherosclerosis‐prone apolipoprotein E‐deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. Apoe−/− mice were divided into three groups of 12 animals and fed high‐fat diets with casein (control), Alcalase CPH, or Corolase PP CPH. After 12 weeks, mice were sacrificed, blood samples were collected, and aorta was dissected for subsequent én face analysis. Mice fed Corolase PP CPH but not Alcalase CPH had significantly lower % atherosclerotic plaque area in the aortic arch compared to controls (p = .015 and p = .077, respectively). Plasma and liver cholesterol and triacylglycerol remained constant, but levels of the fatty acid C20:5n‐3 were increased, accompanied by an elevated delta‐5 desaturase index in both CPHs groups. Moreover, a significant reduction of plasma MCP‐1 was detected in Corolase PP CPH compared to control. Overall, our data show that protein hydrolysates from chicken reduced atherosclerosis and attenuated systemic risk factors related to atherosclerotic disorders, not related to changes in the level of plasma cholesterol.
Highlights
Atherosclerosis is a chronic and progressive disease with a bidirectional interaction between lipids and inflammation as a major feature
We have recently shown that a protein hydrolysate from salmon reduced atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice, most likely through effects on systemic inflammation (Parolini et al, 2014)
We here show that Apoe−/− mice fed a highfat diet for twelve weeks, containing 12.5% (w/w) protein hydrolysates from chicken generated using the enzyme Corolase PP, developed less atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic arch compared to controls
Summary
Atherosclerosis is a chronic and progressive disease with a bidirectional interaction between lipids and inflammation as a major feature. We have demonstrated that a fish protein hydrolysate influenced hepatic fatty acid metabolism and fatty acid composition indicating that effects on fatty acid metabolism are important for the bioactivity of protein hydrolysates (Bjorndal et al, 2013; Wergedahl et al, 2009, 2004) Protein from vegetables such as soy, pea, and lupin exerts both TAG and cholesterol-lowering effects in animals as well as in human studies (Choi et al, 2011; Lee et al, 2009; Morita et al, 1997; Rigamonti et al, 2010). We investigated the anti-atherosclerotic potential of two chicken protein hydrolysates, previously shown to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and reduce systemic inflammation (Aloysius et al, 2018), on atherosclerotic development in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe −/−) mice, characterized by hyperlipidaemia and susceptibility to atherosclerosis (Zhang, Reddick, Piedrahita, & Maeda, 1992)
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