Abstract
Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) is one of multiferroic material group, but it is difficult to produce BiFeO3 in single phase as multiferroic material because it occurs leakage of current arising from non stoichiometric. So, to minimize it, it has already been engineering processed to synthesis BiFeO3 doped by Mg to produce Bi0.9Mg0.1FeO3 and Bi0.93Mg0.07FeO3. It used sol-gel method to produce the ceramics. The result of TGA/DTA(Thermo Gravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis) test shows that the temperature of calcination is about of 150 and 175oC and temperature of sintering is about of 650oC. Characterization of the powder has already been done by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test and electrical properties test. The results of XRD test show that the powder of Bi0.9Mg0.1FeO3has minimum impurities with total oxide of 6.9% (bismite 3.5% and silenite 3.4%) at calcination temperature of 175oC for 4 hours and sintering at 650oC for 6 hours. Meanwhile at same parameter, Bi0.93Mg0.07FeO3 has more oxide phases with total oxide of 14.5% which consists of silenite (2.5%) and Bi2O4 (12%). Presence of oxide phases could cause leakage of current decreasing electrical properties. The values of electrical saturation polarization for ceramic having minimum total oxide (Bi0.9Mg0.1FeO3) is higher than ceramic having more oxide (Bi0.93Mg0.07FeO3). The value of electric saturation polarization for Bi0.9Mg0.1FeO3 is of 0.26 kv/cm and for Bi0.93Mg0.07FeO3 is of 0.11 kV/cm.
Highlights
Ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism and ferro elasticity is a characteristic of materials which result in spontaneous polarization, magnetization and deformation
This kind of structure is called canted spin structure, and it usually leads to weak ferromagnetism, but in Bismuth ferrite (BF), magnetic spins have another level of organization arranging them in spiral structures with a period of 62 nm, destroying magnetization in bulk material [9]
Table-1 shows that Bi0.9Mg0.1FeO3 powder still has impurities, but increasing time of sintering and calcination temperature could decrease amount of total oxides
Summary
Ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism and ferro elasticity is a characteristic of materials which result in spontaneous polarization, magnetization and deformation. Hexagonal c-axis is directed along [111] axes of pseudocubic cell and hexagonal cell (ahex = 5.58 Å, chex = 13.90 Å) is consisted of six formula units of BiFeO3 It is single multiferroic material, exhibiting ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic properties in the same phase. What is interesting in BF is that these spins are not completely opposite, and there is some small resulting moment This kind of structure is called canted spin structure, and it usually leads to weak ferromagnetism, but in BF, magnetic spins have another level of organization arranging them in spiral structures with a period of 62 nm, destroying magnetization in bulk material [9]. The other way, substitution of Bi3+ ions with isovalent ions of different size could be breaking of spiral spin structure [10] Another important obstacle in BF application is difficulty in obtaining pure and dense BF ceramics. An attempt of improving purity, electrical and magnetic properties of BF by doping with Mg (magnesium element) was conducted in this study and synthesized by the auto-combustion (sol-gel) method
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