Abstract
This review proposes a platform approach for the synthesis of various building blocks from cardanol oil in one or two-steps synthesis. Cardanol is a natural phenol issued from Cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL). CNSL is a non-edible renewable resource, co-produced from cashew industry in large commercial volumes. Cardanol is non-toxic and particularly suitable as an aromatic renewable resource for polymers and materials. Various routes were used for the synthesis of di- and poly-functional building blocks used thereafter in polymer syntheses. Phenolation was used to dimerize/oligomerize cardanol to propose increase functionality of cardanol. Thio-ene was used to synthesize new reactive amines. Epoxidation and (meth)acrylation were also used to insert oxirane or (meth)acrylate groups in order to synthesize polymers and materials.
Highlights
A large part of key commercial chemicals are aromatic substances and are derived from petrochemical resources (Tuck et al, 2012)
We developed a chemical toolbox based on phenolation, epoxidation, oxidation, acrylation, carbonation and amination to synthesize a library of biobased building blocks with various functions from cardanol derived from cashew nutshell liquid
The synthesized building blocks reported in this contribution
Summary
A large part of key commercial chemicals are aromatic substances and are derived from petrochemical resources (Tuck et al, 2012). Much focus was put on biobased thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins, phenol resins, unsaturated polyesters and biocomposites This is due to their difficulty to be recycled owing to their infusibility and insolubilty (Koike, 2012). Cardanol was already extensively studied for the synthesis of monomers and polymers by Wadgaonkar et al (More et al, 2001; Sudhakar et al, 2009) It was used in direct polymerization (Kim et al, 2005), as a polyol for the synthesis of new polyurethanes (Suresh et al, 2005), in polyester formulations (Lespinasse et al, 2011), in thermosets (such as Novolac) (Yadav et al, 2009; Huong et al, 1996), in vinyl ester networks (Sultania et al, 2010) and in epoxy networks modification (Unnikrishnan et al, 2008)
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