A Chemical Biology Toolbox Targeting the Intracellular Binding Site of CCR9: Fluorescent Ligands, New Drug Leads and PROTACs.

Abstract

A conserved intracellular allosteric binding site (IABS) has recently been identified at several G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). Starting from vercirnon, an intracellular C−C chemokine receptor type 9 (CCR9) antagonist and previous phase III clinical candidate for the treatment of Crohn's disease, we developed a chemical biology toolbox targeting the IABS of CCR9. We first synthesized a fluorescent ligand enabling equilibrium and kinetic binding studies via NanoBRET as well as fluorescence microscopy. Applying this molecular tool in a membrane‐based setup and in living cells, we discovered a 4‐aminopyrimidine analogue as a new intracellular CCR9 antagonist with improved affinity. To chemically induce CCR9 degradation, we then developed the first PROTAC targeting the IABS of GPCRs. In a proof‐of‐principle study, we succeeded in showing that our CCR9‐PROTAC is able to reduce CCR9 levels, thereby offering an unprecedented approach to modulate GPCR activity.