Abstract

Mathematical modeling of signaling and gene regulatory networks has provided unique insights about systems behaviors for many cell biological problems of medical importance. Quantitative single cell monitoring has a crucial role in advancing systems modeling of molecular networks. However, due to the multidisciplinary techniques that are necessary for adaptation of such systems biology approaches, dissemination to a wide research community has been relatively slow. In this essay, I focus on some technical aspects that are often under-appreciated, yet critical in harnessing live cell imaging methods to achieve single-cell-level understanding and quantitative modeling of molecular networks. The importance of these technical considerations will be elaborated with examples of successes and shortcomings. Future efforts will benefit by avoiding some pitfalls and by utilizing the lessons collectively learned from recent applications of imaging in systems biology.

Highlights

  • I will primarily focus on practical aspects of conducting live cell microscopy studies

  • This essay was motivated by an increasing number of investigators who wish to benefit from live cell imaging but need guides to establish a successful system that meets the necessary requirements

  • Many tools are borrowed from techniques commonly used in molecular cell biology, special needs arise due to specific requirements of systems biology

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Summary

Introduction

I will primarily focus on practical aspects of conducting live cell microscopy studies. For conceptual advantages of real time live cell monitoring over snapshot imaging of single cells or cell population studies, readers are referred to [1,2]. This essay was motivated by an increasing number of investigators who wish to benefit from live cell imaging but need guides to establish a successful system that meets the necessary requirements

Considerations for Artifact-Free Monitoring in Live Cell Imaging
Unnatural Activity of Fluorescent Fusion Proteins from the Transgene
Expression Level
Stimulus-Dependent Regulation of Expression
Fluorophore Interfering with Protein Function
Optimal Spatial Resolution
Imaging Duration and Temporal Resolution
Autofocus
Importance of Cell Culture Conditions during Setup and Image Acquisition
Quantitative Analysis to Extract Relevant Information from Imaging Data
Comparison with a Computational Model of the Molecular Network
Conclusions
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