Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are promising alternatives to replace traditional gasoline vehicles. The relationship between available charging stations and electric vehicles has to be precisely coordinated to facilitate the increasing promotion and usage of EVs. This paper aims to investigate the choice of the charging location with global positioning system (GPS) trajectories of 700 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) users as well as the charging facility data in Shanghai. First, the recharge accessibility of each PHEV user was investigated, and 9% rely solely on public charging networks. Then, we explored the relationship between fuel consumption and the average distance between charging to analyze the environmental benefits of PHEVs. It was found that 16% PHEVs are similar to EVs, and 9% whose drivers rely solely on public charging stations are similar to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. PHEV users were divided into four types based on the actual recharge access: home and workplace-based user (private + workplace + public), the home-based user (private + public), the workplace-based user (workplace + public), and the public-based user (public). Models were developed to identify and compare the factors that influence PHEV user’s charging location choices (home, workplace, and public stations). The modeling and results interpretation were carried out for all PHEV users, home and workplace-based users, home-based users, and workplace-based users, respectively. The estimation results demonstrated that PHEV users tended to charge at home or workplace rather than public charging stations. Charging price, charging price tariff, the initial state of charge (SOC), dwell time, charging power, the density and size of public charging stations, the total number of public charging, vehicle kilometer travel (VKT) of the current trip and current day are the main predictors when choosing the charging location. Findings of this study may provide new insights into the operational strategies of the public charging station as well as the deployment of public charging facilities in urban cities.
Highlights
Electric vehicles (EVs), including both battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), are regarded as permanent and feasible alternatives to the traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, thereby reducing the noise and air pollution and improving urban air quality [1,2,3]
This study investigated the choice behavior for charging location of PHEV, using PHEV global positioning system (GPS) travel trajectory data and charging facility data in Shanghai
We have proposed a feasible method to match charging events with corresponding charging stations, so as to classify PHEV users according to their charging locations The relationship between the average distance between charging and the average fuel consumption has been explored, to reveal how many PHEVs are more similar to BEVs or ICEs in terms of driving and charging styles
Summary
Electric vehicles (EVs), including both battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), are regarded as permanent and feasible alternatives to the traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, thereby reducing the noise and air pollution and improving urban air quality [1,2,3]. By 2018, the number had increased to attain 239,000, accounting for 6% of the total vehicle ownership in Shanghai [7], in which percentages of BEV and PHEV were around 30% and 70%, respectively. Mismatch and disparity of charging demand and charging facility supply may lead to underutilized charging stations and points [11,12,13]. To this end, the EV industry falls into a kind of “egg-chicken” paradox in promoting EVs and charging infrastructures [14,15]. The relationship between charging stations and electric vehicles needs to be precisely coordinated
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
