Abstract
The antikaon-nucleon interaction close to threshold provides crucial information on the interplay between spontaneous and explicit chiral symmetry breaking in low-energy QCD. In this context, the importance of kaonic deuterium x-ray spectroscopy has been well recognized, but no experimental results have yet been obtained due to the difficulty of the measurement. To measure the shift and width of the kaonic deuterium 1s state with an accuracy of 30 eV and 75 eV, respectively, an apparatus is under construction at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation has shown that an increase of the signal to background ratio by a factor of ten will be required compared to the successfully performed kaonic hydrogen measurement (SIDDHARTA). Three pillars are essential for the newly developed experimental apparatus: a large area x-ray detector system (consisting of Silicon Drift Detectors), a lightweight cryogenic target system and a veto system, consisting of an outer veto detector (Veto-1) for active shielding and an inner veto detector (Veto-2) for charged particle suppression. For both veto systems, an excellent time resolution is required to distinguish kaons stopping in gas from direct kaon stops in the entrance window or side wall of the target. First test measurements on the Veto-2 system were performed. An average time resolution of (54 ± 2) ps and detection efficiencies of ~ 99 % were achieved.
Highlights
The SIDDHARTA-2 experiment (Silicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Application), located at the DAΦNE collider in Frascati, Italy, aims to perform precision measurements on kaonic deuterium in the non-perturbative regime of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with strangeness
A detailed Monte Carlo simulation has shown that an increase of the signal to background ratio by a factor of ten will be required compared to the successfully performed kaonic hydrogen measurement (SIDDHARTA)
The combination of the existing kaonic hydrogen results [2] with the deuterium measurements will allow for the extraction of the isospin-dependent (I = 0, 1) antikaon-nucleon scattering lengths a0 and a1 and further constrain the theoretical description of the low-energy K N interactions, e.g. chiral symmetry breaking [3, 4]
Summary
The SIDDHARTA-2 experiment (Silicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Application), located at the DAΦNE collider in Frascati, Italy, aims to perform precision measurements on kaonic deuterium in the non-perturbative regime of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with strangeness. Using the experience gained with SIDDHARTA, a detailed study of the background was performed, using the theoretical input for shift and width of the kaonic deuterium 1s state and assumption for the x-ray yield [5, 6]. The Monte Carlo (MC) calculation using the GEANT4 framework (GEometry ANd Tracking) has been crucial to finalise the realisation of the experimental setup and to eventually prove the possibility to perform the kaonic deuterium experiment with a precision determination of the shift and width in the order of 30 and 75 eV, respectively
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