Abstract

SYNOPSIS. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century several investigators including Richard and Oskar Hertwig, Theodor Boveri, Hans Driesch, Curt Herbst, T. H. Morgan and others turned their attention to sea urchin eggs and early embryos. This favorable combination of outstanding investigators and the sea urchin embryo as an experimental organism contributed to a fundamental understanding of the cell, fertilization and heredity. The advantages of the sea urchin continued to be recognized as experimental embryologists used these embryos to develop the concepts of gradients, regulative development and inductive interactions. Then, as developmental biology arose from chemical embryology, the sea urchin embryo once again emerged as an ideal experimental animal, pivotal in the understanding of the molecular and developmental biology of eukaryotic organisms.

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