Abstract
ABSTRACTThe Newlyn Tidal Observatory is the most important sea level station in the United Kingdom. It commenced operations in 1915 as part of the Second Geodetic Levelling of England and Wales, and the mean sea level determined from the tide gauge during the first six years (May 1915–April 1921) defined Ordnance Datum Newlyn (ODN) which became the national height datum for the whole of Great Britain. The 100 years of sea level data now available have contributed significantly to many studies in oceanography, geology, and climate change. This paper marks the centenary of this important station by reviewing the sea level (and, more recently, detailed land level) measurements and Newlyn's contributions to UK cartography, geodesy and sea-level science in general. Recommendations are made on how sea and land level measurements at Newlyn might be enhanced.
Highlights
Introduction lyThe end of April 1915 saw the start of sea level measurements by the Ordnance Survey (OS) at theTidal Observatory at Newlyn on the tip of the Cornish Peninsula in SW England, about 10 km fromBritain (Ordnance Datum Newlyn, ODN), and an important record of sea level change over a century that has been applied to research in geology, oceanography and climate change
The 19th century saw the establishment of national height systems in many countries with the objectives of providing vertical reference levels, related to Mean Sea Level (MSL), for construction and mapping purposes, and of deriving basic scientific data for research into long-term crustal movements and changes in the level of the sea (Kelsey 1972)
Differences between ODN and Ordnance Datum Liverpool (ODL) were computed for marks common to both networks (e.g. ODN was determined to be 0.13 feet below ODL at Liverpool, see the Table on page 10 of Jolly and Wolff 1922) and were provided in the form of maps showing the variation of the difference around the country (e.g. Plate III of Jolly and Wolff 1922)
Summary
The end of April 1915 saw the start of sea level measurements by the Ordnance Survey (OS) at the. Britain (Ordnance Datum Newlyn, ODN), and an important record of sea level change over a century that has been applied to research in geology, oceanography and climate change. One is a geodetic aspect, in its use in providing the ODN datum for the country during the Second Geodetic Levelling of England Wales. The sea level variations that its tide gauge records tend to be representative of those of the deep ocean, rather than the shallow waters of the North and Irish.
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