Abstract
Satellite precipitation estimates (SPE) provide useful input for hydrological modeling. However, hydrological modeling is frequently hindered by large bias and errors in SPE, inducing the necessity for bias corrections. Traditional distribution mapping bias correction of daily precipitation commonly uses Bernoulli and gamma distributions to separately model the probability and intensities of precipitation and is insufficient towards extremes. This study developed an improved distribution mapping bias correction method, which established a censored shifted mixture distribution (CSMD) as a transfer function when mapping raw precipitation to the reference data. CSMD coupled the censored shifted statistical distribution to jointly model both the precipitation occurrence probability and intensity with a mixture of gamma and generalized Pareto distributions to enhance extreme-value modeling. The CSMD approach was applied to correct the up-to-date SPE of Integrated Multi-satelliE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) with near-real-time “Early” run (IMERG-E) over the Yangtze River basin. To verify the hydrological response of bias-corrected IMERG-E, the streamflow of the Wujiang River basin was simulated using Ge´nie Rural with 6 parameters (GR6J) and Coupled Routing Excess Storage (CREST) models. The results showed that the bias correction using both BerGam (traditional bias correction combining Bernoulli with gamma distributions) and the improved CSMD could reduce the systematic errors of IMERG-E. Furthermore, CSMD outperformed BerGam in correcting overall precipitation (with the median of mean absolute errors of 2.46 mm versus 2.81 mm for CSMD and BerGam respectively, and the median of modified Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.39 versus 0.29) and especially in extreme values for uniform format and particular attention paid to extremes. In addition, the hydrological effect that CSMD correction exerted on IMERG-E, driving GR6J and CREST rainfall-runoff modeling, outperformed that of the BerGam correction. This study provides a promising integrated distribution mapping framework to correct the biased daily SPE, contributing to more reliable hydrological forecasts by informing accurate precipitation forcing.
Highlights
Accurate precipitation measurements and estimates are crucial to weather forecasting, hydrological modeling, water resources allocation, and related disaster controlling [1,2]
The specific objectives of the present study were to investigate: (1) how well the improved bias correction approach of censored shifted mixture distribution (CSMD) performed relative to the traditional BerGam method, (2) what the difference is in the CSMD approach among three time windows, including correction based on a whole period window, correction based on a monthly window, and dynamic correction based on a sliding window, and (3) how the hydrological model responded to the bias-corrected Integrated Multi-satelliE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG)-E using CSMD
The performance of bias correction using CSMD and BerGam approaches exerting on the raw IMERG-E data was assessed using statistical metrics
Summary
Accurate precipitation measurements and estimates are crucial to weather forecasting, hydrological modeling, water resources allocation, and related disaster controlling [1,2]. Bias and errors, being generally larger than those of the rainfall gauge observations, are inherent in SPE products despite its fine spatial-temporal information [6,7,8,9]. Even the estimates of new-generation Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, i.e., the Integrated Multi-satelliE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), which is anticipated to provide most accurate precipitation estimates currently, suffer from large bias [10,11]. The associated hydrological application is considerably restricted by the biased SPE input. Understanding how to correct the biased SPE with limited gauge observations to support robust hydrological modeling is pressing and challenging
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